Jour: 13 mars 2026

First: what is a Municipality? In France a municipality is referred to as a « commune ». The French word commune appeared in the 12th century, from Medieval Latin  communia, meaning a large gathering of people sharing a common life; from Latin communis, things held in common. This new word replaced that of parish, which under the Ancien Régime designated simultaneously a religious entity (still relevant today), a territorial administrative district, and a fiscal one. Introduced by royal decree in December 1789, along with the word "mayor," this new designation was definitively established in November 1793. The gift from the Convention on Christmas Day, 1792was universal suffrage.  However that concept was short lived when under the Directory, and for almost the entire 19th century. Then during the third Republic of 1884 mayors were designated by the municipal councilors. At the same time, universal male suffrage was introduced. A municipality thus consists of the …